Hetherington
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Hetherington Legal

Specialist legal advice for exploration and mining

Resources and energy law incorporates multiple legislative considerations, including State Mining Acts, Native Title law and environmental laws. Exploration and mining involve these laws and regulations at every step of every project, from applications for tenure and compliance to the development of large-scale projects and mining.

Specialist mining & exploration advice

An incorporated legal practice inside a tenements firm.

Hetherington Legal has the experience and knowledge to assist you with your legal requirements and help you achieve your broader commercial goals.

Hetherington Group provides a comprehensive range of services, including tenement management (applications, renewals and overall compliance), audits and government liaison, and Hetherington Environmental services. Because our solicitors sit alongside our tenement consultants, legal advice is grounded in the practical realities of managing tenure.

Legal advice for the resources sector
What we advise on

Four areas of legal practice.

Unsure which solutions best fit your needs? We're here to guide you. Contact Us and a solicitor will come back to you.

01

Land access & compensation agreements

  • Objections under the Mining Act 1978 (WA)
  • Wardens Court proceedings
  • Mediation, arbitration and dispute resolution
  • Landholder compensation
02

Native Title & Aboriginal heritage

  • Expedited procedure objections
  • Aboriginal heritage and Native Title advice
  • Right to negotiate and Native Title agreements
  • Heritage protection agreements
03

Due diligence & VALMIN reporting

  • Due diligence for tenure acquisition
  • VALMIN compliant reports for prospectuses
  • Independent tenement overview reports
  • Independent Solicitor Reports for ASX, Canadian and Singaporean listings
04

Mining & exploration projects

  • Joint venture and farm-in agreements
  • Compliance and approvals
  • Acquisitions and sale agreements
  • Exploration and mining approvals
Industry expertise & personalised service

Expert advice, grounded in tenure.

Our solicitors partner with ASX-listed and privately owned exploration and mining companies in every Australian jurisdiction, and internationally.

Land access arrangements and landholder arbitration, Native Title and the right to negotiate, Aboriginal Land Council land and Aboriginal sites, places and objects, property reviews, land use conflict, State significant development approvals and agricultural land objections, and the administration of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979.

10
Admitted solicitors across the firm
3
Exchanges: ASX, TSX, SGX reports
All
Australian jurisdictions
NSW · WA
Law Society memberships
Frequently asked questions

Common questions from clients.

General information only. For advice on your circumstances, please contact us.

Ask a solicitor

Can I object to a new tenement application over my existing licence in Western Australia?
Yes. Objections can be filed within 35 days of the date of lodgement of the new application with the Officer of the Warden's Court of WA, on the basis that grant of the new application will result in interference with your existing tenure. The objection must include specific reasons and be submitted on the required forms. Please contact us for assistance and advice on overlapping tenure and the objection process.
What do I do if someone has objected to my tenement application?
Your options include resolving the matter by negotiation with the objector, or defending the objection by way of a hearing in the Warden's Court. Please contact us for assistance and advice on negotiations, court proceedings and the objection process.
What is an application for forfeiture?
A third party may initiate a forfeiture application against a registered tenement holder relating to alleged non-compliance with the prescribed minimum expenditure commitment for the tenement. The Warden can make an order for forfeiture, giving the applicant for forfeiture 14 days' prior rights to apply for the ground, impose a penalty such as a fine, impose no penalty, or find in favour of the respondent and dismiss the application. Please contact us for assistance and advice on the third party application for forfeiture process.
What is a land access agreement?
Land access agreements embody a wide range of agreements between parties on terms relating to access to land holdings. They can be between landholders and the holder of a tenement, or between tenement holders with overlapping tenure, and can also be used to resolve Mining Act objections. Please contact us to discuss land access agreements and how we can assist in advising on and drafting them.
Do I need a Heritage Agreement?
This will depend on the location of your tenement, the work you plan to do and whether a registered Native Title claim or determination affects the area. Heritage Agreements can outline terms for the conduct of a heritage survey in order to clear land for mining activities, and can include provisions for access conditions and even compensation payments. Please contact us to discuss your options in relation to Native Title and heritage.
What do I do if a Native Title group has objected to my application?
The National Native Title Tribunal oversees objections by Native Title groups against tenement applications. The Tribunal runs preliminary and status conferences where parties provide updates on their negotiations. If necessary, parties can be directed to file submissions, which are considered by the Tribunal member to determine whether the objection ought to be upheld. Mediation assistance can also be provided. Please contact us to discuss the objections process and your options.
Key contacts

Our solicitors.

Every admitted solicitor across our Sydney and Perth offices, in order of seniority.

David Salim
David Salim
CEO / Principal Solicitor
Sydney & Perth

David joined Hetherington in 2010 and has led the firm as Company Principal of Hetherington Sydney since 2016 and Hetherington Perth since 2019. Over 17 years he has built a reputation for excellence in resources, mining and environmental law, growing Hetherington into the full-service firm it is today.

Qualifications & admissions
  • Bachelor of Commerce (Finance) and Bachelor of Laws, University of Wollongong (2008), with studies in Environmental Law and Native Title Law
  • Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice (2009)
  • Admitted as a Solicitor of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, December 2009
Experience

Before joining Hetherington, David worked in NSW Parliament in the Shadow Attorney General's Office and in a general practice law firm as a Legal Clerk and Graduate Solicitor. He specialises in legal compliance, regulation and management of exploration and mining tenure, partnering with ASX-listed and privately owned companies in every Australian jurisdiction and internationally, including the Pacific region, New Zealand and North and South America. He is a specialist practitioner in VALMIN Code 2015, ASIC and ASX compliant Independent Solicitor Reports, and has assisted companies to submit reports to the Australian, Canadian and Singaporean stock exchanges.

Focus areas
  • Land access arrangements and landholder arbitration, Native Title and the Right to Negotiate process, Aboriginal Land Council land and Aboriginal sites, places and objects
  • Property reviews, land use conflict, rehabilitation protocols, State significant development approvals and agricultural land objections
  • Advice on and administration of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979
Industry & associations

Deputy Chair of the AMEC NSW Advisory Committee; NSW Minerals Council Exploration & Tenure Committee; AusIMM NSW Women in Mining Committee member and mentor; NSW Deputy Premier Minerals Industry Advisory Committee; Institute of Quarrying Australia NSW Committee; member of ER Law, AusIMM, Austmine, the NSW Law Society and the WA Law Society. A regular speaker and sponsor at AMEC, NSW Minerals Council, Sydney Mining Club, SMEDG, SAEMC and Women in Mining NSW events.

Awards

Honorary Gratitude Award, Australian Government, presented by the Prime Minister for volunteer work in Nepal. Finalist, Gender Diversity Advocate, NSW Minerals Council (2020). Finalist, Young Achiever, NSW Minerals Council (2019).

Julia Catalano
Julia Catalano
Managing Consultant / Associate Solicitor
Perth

Julia leads Hetherington's Perth office, providing strategic and practical advice on tenement management, mining law, native title and environmental law, primarily in Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory.

Qualifications & admissions
  • Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Commerce, Curtin University
  • Admitted as a Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Western Australia
Experience

Julia's experience allows her to deliver a practical, solution-focused approach that helps clients navigate the complexities of the resources sector. She prepares Independent Tenement Reports for initial public offerings, manages title disputes in the Wardens Court, and drafts and negotiates land access, farm-in, joint venture and royalty agreements.

Focus areas
  • Tenement management under the Mining Act 1978 (WA), Mining Act 1971 (SA) and Mineral Titles Act 2010 (NT), including government liaison and strategic portfolio management
  • Mining law, title disputes, commercial agreements and Independent Tenement Reports
  • Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) processes, heritage protection agreements and compliance
  • Environmental due diligence under the EPBC Act 1999 (Cth) and State and Territory frameworks
Jemima Moffat
Jemima Moffat
Managing Consultant / Solicitor
Sydney

Jemima is a Managing Consultant and Solicitor in Hetherington's Sydney office. Jemima combines legal expertise with a practical understanding of the mining and extractive industries, delivering commercially focused advice on approvals, land access, compliance and tenement management.

Qualifications & admissions
  • Bachelor of Laws (Honours) and Bachelor of Commerce, University of Notre Dame Australia
  • Admitted as a Solicitor of the Supreme Court of New South Wales
Experience

Jemima's previous experience spans commercial law, family law and arbitration, enabling her to provide practical, commercially focused advice. She is committed to building long-term industry relationships and to delivering effective, commercially viable solutions that keep complex legislative and regulatory obligations in check while supporting operational and long-term project success.

Focus areas
  • Mining and extractive industries law, approvals and regulatory advice
  • Land access disputes and advisory, site audits, environmental and rehabilitation compliance
  • Tenement management, including applications, approvals and legislative compliance
Karinne Brown
Karinne Brown
Senior Consultant / Solicitor
Sydney

Karinne is admitted in both New Zealand and New South Wales and brings the adaptability of a litigation background to tenement and mining law matters of every scale.

Qualifications & admissions
  • Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Commerce (Economics and Marketing), University of Auckland
  • Admitted as a barrister and solicitor of the High Court of New Zealand (September 2023)
  • Admitted to the Supreme Court of New South Wales under the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Scheme (June 2024)
Experience

Before joining Hetherington, Karinne worked as a junior barrister in a generalist civil litigation practice in Auckland, assisting senior counsel across a wide array of legal disputes. That breadth gives her a high degree of adaptability to challenges of varying scale. Karinne is a participant in the 2026 NSW Women in Mining Network mentoring program, sponsored by Hetherington.

Focus areas
  • Tenement management and compliance
  • Mining and exploration law
  • Dispute resolution and litigation support
Olivia Lee
Olivia Lee
Senior Consultant / Solicitor
Sydney

Olivia is a Senior Consultant in Hetherington's Sydney office. She joined the firm in January 2025 with a background in property law and psychology, and a passion for building strong client relationships and understanding individual needs.

Qualifications & admissions
  • Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Arts (Psychology), Victoria University of Wellington
  • Admitted as a Barrister and Solicitor of the High Court of New Zealand (June 2026)
  • Admitted to the Supreme Court of New South Wales under the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Scheme (July 2026)
Experience

Olivia previously worked at a boutique New Zealand law firm specialising in property law. As a Senior Consultant she is committed to delivering practical, tailored legal solutions and exceptional results for clients.

Focus areas
  • Tenement management and compliance
  • Property and land matters
  • Practical, tailored legal solutions
Radoslav Lucic
Radoslav Lucic
Consultant / Solicitor
Perth

Radoslav brings negotiation, dispute resolution and litigation experience from criminal defence and land law, and is known for a straightforward approach and attention to detail.

Qualifications & admissions
  • Double Bachelor's degree (Business Law and Criminology) and Juris Doctor, University of Western Australia
Experience

Radoslav's prior experience in criminal defence and land law gave him strong negotiation, dispute resolution and litigation skills. He is known for his direct approach, attention to detail and commitment to clients.

Focus areas
  • Tenement management and compliance
  • Land law and dispute resolution
  • Mining law
Lorenzo Borje
Lorenzo Borje
Consultant / Solicitor
Perth

Lorenzo brings a breadth of commercial and corporate experience from top-tier domestic and global law firms, and an approachable, responsive manner.

Qualifications & admissions
  • Bachelor of Laws (Honours) and Bachelor of Biomedical Science, Monash University
  • Admitted to practise as a lawyer (August 2026)
Experience

Lorenzo has worked in legal roles at top-tier domestic and global law firms, gaining broad commercial and corporate experience. He provides commercially focused legal advice and practical solutions tailored to each client's objectives.

Focus areas
  • Commercial and corporate agreements
  • Mining law and compliance
  • Tenement management
Katherine Vargoczky
Katherine Vargoczky
Consultant / Solicitor
Sydney

Katherine brings experience in planning and environment law, property and construction law, and land law, litigation and advisory work gained at specialist and top-tier Sydney firms.

Qualifications & admissions
  • Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Arts (History), University of Notre Dame
  • Admitted as a Solicitor of the Supreme Court of New South Wales (June 2026)
Experience

Katherine worked as a law graduate at a specialist planning and environment law firm and at a specialist property and construction law firm. During her studies she clerked and interned at several top-tier Sydney firms across corporate and property law. She is committed to delivering comprehensive advice and results for all clients.

Focus areas
  • Planning and environment law
  • Land law, litigation and advisory
  • Tenement management and compliance
Photo to come
Grace Ehrenfeld
Grace Ehrenfeld
Consultant / Solicitor
Perth

Grace brings expertise in dispute resolution and litigation and a proactive, holistic approach to the legal and regulatory complexity of the mining industry.

Qualifications & admissions
  • Juris Doctor and Bachelor of Arts (Political Science & International Relations, and Law), University of Western Australia
  • Graduate Diploma in Practical Legal Training, College of Law
  • Admitted to the Supreme Court of Western Australia
Experience

Grace developed her expertise in insurance dispute resolution and litigation and is well versed in the legal and regulatory complexity that arises in the mining industry. She takes a proactive, holistic approach to matters, providing long-term solutions and the best achievable resolution for clients.

Focus areas
  • Dispute resolution and litigation
  • Mining law and regulatory compliance
  • Tenement management
Photo to come
Rani Ravinthran
Rani Ravinthran
Consultant / Solicitor
Sydney

Rani is a Solicitor and Consultant located in our Sydney Hetherington office.

Rani completed a Bachelor of Laws and a Bachelor of Commerce at Macquarie University, and was admitted as a solicitor of the Supreme Court of NSW in 2025. She also studied at the University of Roehampton in London as part of her degrees.

Before joining Hetherington, Rani practised at an international law firm, where she advised domestic and multinational clients across corporate, finance and IP/technology matters. Her experience includes legal due diligence on infrastructure and construction acquisitions, reviewing and negotiating commercial agreements, and supporting regulatory and court-related workstreams. Rani is also a published commentator on cross-jurisdictional regulatory developments, with articles published through her former firm and the Human Rights Law Centre.

Rani was a 2024 Young Australians in International Affairs Cyber, Technology and Space Fellow, where she researched and published on cybersecurity, emerging technology and digital governance. She was also named on the 2026 Young Women to Watch List.

With strong drafting, research and analytical skills, and a background in stakeholder and community management, Rani is equipped to assist clients in navigating the regulatory regimes that govern mining tenements, land access and approvals, and is committed to delivering clear, practical and commercially focused advice.

Outside of her legal practice, Rani mentors law students through the Australian Law Students Association and is a co-founder of WTVR World, a Sydney-based charity collective. She also speaks Tamil.

Hetherington Legal is an incorporated legal practice. Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.

Talk to Hetherington

Together, we make it happen.

Hetherington is a premier service provider across Australia, where our team of consultants are uniquely qualified and trained to provide a high level of expertise, extensive experience and reliable service that is tailored to your specific needs.

Get in touch

Sydney

City Freeholds House, Level 9, Suite 901
15 Castlereagh Street, Sydney NSW 2000
02 9967 4844
sydney@hemts.com.au

Perth

Allendale Square, Level 20, Suite 2
77 St Georges Terrace, Perth WA 6000
08 9228 9977
perth@hemts.com.au